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Khoo Thean Teik () was one of the most powerful and notorious Hokkien leaders of 19th-century Penang. His name, "Thean Teik", means "Heavenly Virtue". He was the leader of the Tokong or Khian Teik society that was involved in the Penang Riots of 1867 and through its connection with the Hai San, the internecine Larut Wars of 1861 to 1874. He traded through the companies Khoon Ho and Chin Bee. He was a towkay, trading in immigrant labour and had interests in the Opium Farms in Penang and Hong Kong. Thean Teik Estate, a residential neighbourhood in Penang, is named after him.〔(Xiao En Magazine, 23 September, 2002, Xiao En Cultural Foundation )〕〔Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources by Wright, Arnold (1908), p.155 (Khoo Siew Jin | Khoo Hun Yeang | Khoo Thean Tek | Khoo Seng Kay)〕〔Gangsters Into Gentlemen: The Breakup of Multiethnic Conglomerates and The Rise of A Straits Chinese Identity in Penang by Engseng Ho, Department of Anthropology, William James Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Email ho@wjh.harvard.edu, presented at The Penang Story – International Conference 2002, 18–21 April 2002, The City Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia organised by The Penang Heritage Trust & STAR Publications〕 ==Chronology== *1826: Born in Penang.〔 *1851: Founding director of the Khoo Kongsi.〔〔(The Leong San Tong Khoo Kongsi (Penang) Registered) )〕 *1858: First arrested for fighting. The Hokkien community goes on strike to get the government to release him.〔 *1860 (circa): Takes over as Elder Brother of the Khian Teik secret society, at just 34 years of age.〔〔 *1867: The Penang Riots. Gang war between Chinese Khian Teik and Ghee Hin societies and involving the Malay Red Flag and White Flag societies.〔〔〔(The Leong San Tong Khoo Kongsi (Penang) Registered) )〕 *1868: Arrested for having planned and instigated the riots. Death sentence pronounced but unenforced by skeleton police force, and eventually commuted to life imprisonment.〔〔〔Doubtful Associations: Reviewing Penang through the 1867 Riots by Anoma Pieris Ph.D. Candidate, U.C. Berkeley. Email anomap@hotmail.com presented at The Penang Story – International Conference 2002, 18–21 April 2002, The City Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia organised by The Penang Heritage Trust & STAR Publications.〕 *1875: Released after seven years in prison.〔〔〔 *1878: Founding director of Boon San Tong Khoo Kongsi for descendants of Hai Jee lineage, of which he was one.〔 The Boon San Tong Khoo Kongsi is the subordinate pillar of the Leong San Tong Khoo Kongsi. Khoo Thean Teik made Boon San Tong the most powerful pillar of Leong San Tong.〔(Boon San Tong Khoo Kongsi, Asia Explorer )〕 *1879: Principal donor to the Temple of the City God (Seng Ong Beow), in Jelutong, Penang, dedicated to the government of the Nether-world.〔 *1881: Founding director of the Penang Chinese Town Hall.〔 *1886: Major donor to the Batu Cantong and Batu Lanchang cemeteries.〔 *1888: Major donor to the construction of the Thean Hock Keong Temple in Bagan Ajam, one of the oldest temples in Butterworth, Penang.〔(Thean Hock Keong Temple, Asia Explorers )〕 *1889: Together with Chung Keng Quee, secured the monopoly for the Perak revenue farms (tobacco, liquor, opium, pawnbroking, and gambling). Donated a bell to the Snake Temple.〔〔 *1890: Major donor to the Pulau Tikus Hokkien cemeteries.〔 *1891: Died, one year after the abolition of secret societies in the Straits Settlements.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khoo Thean Teik」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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